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Characteristics and Applications of Spring Steel Wire
Release time:
2019-12-19
Springs are used within the elastic range and should return to their original position after unloading. It is desirable to have as little plastic deformation as possible, so steel wires should have high elastic limits, yield strength, and tensile strength. The higher the flexural strength ratio, the closer the elastic limit is to the tensile strength, thus improving the strength utilization rate and producing springs with stronger elasticity.
Springs rely on elastic deformation to absorb impact energy, so spring steel wires do not necessarily need to have high plasticity, but at least they need to have the plasticity to withstand spring forming and sufficient toughness to withstand impact energy.
Springs typically work for a long time under alternating stress, thus requiring high fatigue limits and good resistance to creep and relaxation.
Springs used in specific environments also have some special requirements for steel wires, such as good corrosion resistance for springs used in corrosive media. The springs used in precision instruments should have long-term stability and sensitivity, low temperature coefficient, high quality factor, small aftereffect, and constant elastic modulus. Springs working under high temperature conditions are required to maintain sufficient elastic limit and good creep resistance even at high temperatures.
In addition, the forming process and heat treatment process of spring steel wire should also be considered. Cold drawn spring steel wire and oil quenched and tempered spring steel wire are both supplied as steel wire and directly wound into springs. After the springs are formed, they are subjected to stress relief treatment and used directly. The tensile strength of cold drawn spring steel wire is slightly higher than that of oil quenched and tempered steel wire. The elasticity of large-sized cold drawn steel wire is too high, making it difficult to coil springs. Therefore, the specification for cold drawn spring steel wire is generally less than 8.0mm, and the specification for oil quenched and tempered steel wire is generally less than 13.0mm. In fact, springs with a diameter of 13.0mm are mostly made of lightly pulled spring steel wire, which is cold drawn and wound into shape before quenching and tempering for use. Steel wires with a diameter of 15.0mm or more are mostly made using the heating winding process to produce springs.
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